What is the Krebs Cycle?

The Krebs cycle generates only two ATP molecules per glucose molecule. This is because, when glucose is broken down in glycolysis to produce two molecules of pyruvate, and each pyruvate molecule is carboxylated into an acetyl, each acetyl group goes through Krebs cycle only once, and produces one ATP molecule as a result. Therefore, the two acetyl groups together produce two ATP molecules-(one ATP molecule each).

How does rat poison affect the krebs cycle?

Can ATP supplements like PEAK ATP actually work?

I am a lay person, i.e., non medical. I have a 61 year old friend who ten years ago experienced nickel poisoning and, as a consequence, lost 25 kg in weight. Since the poisoning episode, his metabolism has been so rapid it precludes him from gaining weight no matter what or how much he eats.

I recently noticed on a poisoning web site while trying to research the matter, that nickel poisoning can interfere with the Kreb's cycle. Would that interference manifest itself in rapid metabolism and thus no weight gain? If so, is there anything that can reverse that interference and restore the balance of the Kreb's cycle?

I would appreciate any help but remember I am not a Wisegeek! --helpthegirl

I heard the Kreb´s cycle is enhanced when we do physical exercise. while exercising, how long does the Kreb´s cycle take from beginning to end?

And exciting new science and technology, 52 genes that influence and cause aging of the mitochondria in the cells of brain, heart and muscle have been identified. Also identified is natural products that can influence and slow these genes down. One experiences more energy, better sleep, decreased aches and pains, and even Alzheimer's and ADD/ADHD patients doing better. This is because the mitochondria are functioning better.

did krebs' research and discovery of the cycle lead any other scientist to discover any other medical things like diseases or vaccines or anything?

Kreb cycle actually forms a total of 38 electrons but two are lost in transportation making the net total 36.

@#54. I'm in Bio now and the only time glycerol is associated with any of this is during yeast fermentation where carbon dioxide and alcohol is produced. But this situation interests me a lot, so I'm definitely going to ask my teacher.

as the process is completed,the final products are:

3molecules of ATP from each NADH and H+ produced (10NADH + H+ x 3

ATP molecules=30 ATP molecules)

2 molecules ATP from each FADH

(2 FADH x 2ATP molecule= 4 ATP molecules)

1/2 oxygen + 2H+=water

total:34 ATP molecules

I understand the Krebs Cycle better when i read it online.

How do electrons enter and go through the Krebs Cycle to the electron transport chain?

can someone help me about the krebs cycle?

i can't understand how it is generated. i mean the stage?

can you please tell me that where the enzymes are located for tca or krebs cycle and electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Is there an easy way to memorize the cycle?

Could someone please tell me if eating too much refined sugars in your diet can mess up your energy levels and brain functions. It seems obvious that it would but I would like to know how it affects the Krebs cycle etc. Thanks.

Plants have mitochondria, and this is where their Krebs cycle happens. Chloroplasts are the location of photosynthesis. There are a few differences between plant and animal Krebs cycles, the chief being that plants produce the ATP directly, rather than via GTP.

If it seems like plants aren't important, try to do without oxygen or food. Yet many schools virtually ignore them as functioning organisms.

Glycogen converts to glucose, not glycol.

- anon73116: It's a great explanation. Thanks a lot, but I have one major question that digs my head!

You mentioned GDP(guanosine DiPhosphate)+PO4(Phosphate)to form GTP(guanosine TRIPhosphate)perfect!

Then GTP hands off the phosphate; ADP bonds with it to form ATP. This is what i've understood

My question is why is there GDP or GTP, in order to accomplish ADP to ATP?

i have never heard guan di/triphosphate before

so I was lucky to learn it, but the why i don't understand.

What's the function of GDP, if only to carry phosphate to ADP? Why can't ADP directly bond to phosphate? You know, I have all sorts of questions related with GDP and GTP. I would be glad if you explain clearly.

Thanks a lot.

Question: I remember, from Bio class many moons ago, that the Krebs cycle starts out with converting glycogen to glycol? Something to do with glycol, at least, which is an alcohol.

I found this interesting because of a phenomenon in my family: only two family members have had a problem with alcohol, and both of those were "preemies" -- babies whose birth was immature. The younger of the two was born in 1954, and by then they were still feeding preemies like hummingbirds, with a kind of sugar water. If this breaks down in the body like alcohol, then as an adult, these "preemies" would find alcohol comforting, like "mother's milk."

A friend told me that I'm wrong, that glycol has nothing to do with the Krebs cycle, but I distinctly remember it, and remember being shocked that glycol (or anything ending in "ol") is a kind of alcohol. Anyone able to help?

(I've tried looking it up on a variety of sites, but some descriptions are so technical, I don't know what I'm reading.)

Where do the electrons go?

How does the electron transport chain activate during the krebs cycle affect the hydrogen ion concentration in a mitochondrion?

what two major biochemical reactions occur in the Krebs cycle?

thank for your information.

The molecule that enters the krebs cycle is a form of pyruvate that has been modified known as simply as Acetyl-CoA. This molecule is made up of Acetate and and a Coenzyme simply known as coenzyme A. Acetyl-CoA is received by oxaloacetate (the molecule that is regenerated) to form citrate.

Water is then added and removed at the same time to form an isomer of citrate known as Isocitrate. Then what happens is NAD+ is reduced to NADH and a H+ is also released along with a CO2 to form alpha ketoglutarate. Then another CO2 is released along with an H+. Again an NAD+ is reduced and CoEnzyme A bonded to a sulfhydryl group is added to the molecule forming Succinyl CoA. The Coenzyme A and the sulfhydryl group is removed and an inorganic phosphate is added to the molecule. Here is where the 1 ATP is made.

The inorganic phosphate is added to GDP (guanine diphosphate) to form GTP. The GTP then "hands of" the phosphate group to an ADP through substrate level phosphorylation to form the ATP.

This process makes the next molecule in the cycle: succinate. Then an FAD+ is reduced to FADH2 forming fumarate. Water is added to fumarate to form malate, and finally one last NAD+ is reduced and one H+ is released forming oxaloacetate! The cycle can now start again.

While each pyruvate yields only 1 ATP per turn of the cycle, there are two pyruvates per molecule of glucose, so in reality, two molecules of ATP are formed from the kreb cycle even though is only appears as one! Hope this helped!

what two high-energy molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle?

The discussion generates an amalgam of inputs, some from very biochemically enlightened minds, some from profound laymen (biochemically).

anon11925, anon15652 is wrong. The entire process of respiration produces 36 to 38 ATP, however the Krebs Cycle on produces two.

How many molecules of O2 in the kreb cycle and how many molecules of co2 are produced?

I was asked to answer this question what will be your own answer.

1. What is the number of ATP formed in Kreb cycle?

2. The net ATP formed from one molecule of glucose at the end of kreb cycle is?

please can anyone explain (as simply as possible) the link/pathway between the following: hypertonic (or shortened) muscle causing muscle ischemia which then impacts on the Krebs cycle (in some way) and then causes hyperglycemia?

Could you please tell me how the Krebs Cycle affects someone hours after eating a meal?

why is krebs cycle so hard to understand?

for each pyruvate that enters the krebs cycle once the cycle has been completed, you gain 1 ATP!

Questions about the Kreb's cycle:

1. What molecule receives the hydrogen atoms from the carbon molecules?

2. Where do the oxygen atoms from the carbon atoms end up?

3. Where does the carbon dioxide end up? How does it exit the body?

thank you for your time. =)

The krebs cycle makes one molecule of ATP pre cycle (per pyruvate) but if your talking about per glucose, it's 2 molecules of ATP, 6 Reduced NAD, 2 reduced FAD and 4 Carbon dioxide. ATP is made by substrate level phosphorylation (addition of a phosphate molecule).

ATP is short for Adenosine Triphosphate. When it is hydrolyzed a phosphate group is released. This is the breaking of a bond and when bonds break, energy is released.

Hope this answered some questions.

how many molicules of ATP is produced in the whole krebs cycle?

I was doing a report on Sir Hans Krebs and I didn't know what the Krebs cycle was. so this was really helpful. Thanks.

From experience in my practice and plenty of research by Dr. Weissman, a product called Citrokehl from Sanum helps assist the generation of the Krebs Cycle, an isopathic remedy containing citric acid. That may assist the chronic fatigue.

Thanks.

Wow! thanks

Wonderful answer. thanks.

Is it necessary to control the krebs cycle? What numbers are normal and what is atp? What do we do to eat/drink/do in children? Is it linked to autism?

why is it that the average person has enough stored fat to fuel a 750 mile run, but even well trained athletes fatigue after only about 25 miles?

Dear Editor: Could you explain any potential connection between the Krebs "Citric Acid" cycle and the diet where all you consume for days is a combo of: water, lemon juice, cayenne pepper and dark amber maple syrup? (a.k.a. Stanley Burroughs "Lemonade" or "Master Cleanse")

I tried this "lemonade" for 4 days without food - I lost cravings, had energy and focus, slept better, lowered blood pressure, etc..

A 72 year old gentleman suffers from chronic fatigue. I too, at the age of 63 suffered. However Patrick Holford's "Low GL Diet Bible", chapter 16 may be of use to the 72 year old as it has been for me. I have to pay for my own supplements and Chromium, but it has been really worth it. I work 12 hour shifts and feel both mentally and physically very much stronger than I have done for years. I started taking Holford's advice after a period on Statins, which I felt were killing me. My doctors have no faith in them either (work and private). Give Holfords advice a go. At the very least read into the side affects of statins; in detail, and about the way they inhibit cholesterol and importantly Co-enzyme Q10 which is vital to us all. You might start to see the reason for both Holford's and my doctors' scepticism about the so- called "Virtues of Statins". My view is, they were killing me, albeit slowly. However, you may not be on statins. But Holford may help.

This is an excellent refresher for someone that has studied anatomy and physiology in the past.

Finally something I can understand!

Exactly what is the relationship of photosynthesis to respiration and what effect does it have on the world?

Could you please give a detailed or point by point importance of the krebs cycle?

why is the krebs cycle so hard to understand?

You say nothing about how to assist the generation of the Krebs Cycle. I understand that Magnesium and Malic acid combo can do it, which I am trying and it seems to work! I am 72 and have been suffering from chronic fatigue.

Does the Krebs cycle release energy that is used to produce ATP?

great article about krebs c. could you also provide the chemical reactions with some diagrams thank you again. Great web-site.

The krebs cycle theoretically produces 36 to 38 total atp. The cycle actually will produce less than that theoretical yield in reality, but 36 to 38 atp is what is supposed to be generated.

How many ATPs does Kreb Cycle generate and how?